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. 2014 Jan 21;111(5):1760–1765. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1307204111

Table 6.

Correlation between self-employment and other entrepreneurship proxies

Entrepreneurship proxies Correlation
Small business ownership rate 0.69
Small firm employment share 0.30
Startup rate (GEM TEA) 0.72
Billionaire entrepreneurs per capita −0.33
VC investment as a share of GDP −0.21
GDP per capita −0.63

GDP, gross domestic product; GEM, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; TEA, Total Entrepreneurial Activity; VC, venture capital.