| TGFβ1 |
Binds TGFβR1, TGFβR2 and TGFβR3 / Cytostatic / Induces EMT / Anti-inflammatory / Activation of hsa-miR-21 maturation / Reduces the immune response |
Tumor-suppressor at pre-malignant stage / Pro-metastasis at malignant stage |
|
663 |
| TGFβ3 |
Binds TGFβR1, TGFβR2 and TGFβR3 |
Not clear / Possibly tumor suppressor in skin / Inhibits colon metastasis in TGF m 1-/-Rag2- mice |
29c / 631 |
|
| TGFβR1 / ALK5 |
SMAD2,3 phosphorylation / TGFβ1-3 signal transduction |
Mutated in CRCs |
21 / 181a2 |
1 / 206 |
| TGFβR2 |
TGFβR1 phosphorylation and activation / TGFβ1-3 signal transduction |
Mutated in CRCs |
17 / 23a / 23b / 103-1 / 103-2 / 181a2 |
|
| TGFβR3 / BETAGLY CAN |
Sequestration of TGFβ1-3 (secreted form) / Presentation of TGFβ2 to TGFβ receptors (trans-membrane form) / Loss facilitates EMT in neoplastic cells / TGFβ-independent effects? |
Downregulation correlated with tumor progression or metastasis |
16-1 / 23a / 23b / 103-1 / 103-2 / 424 |
1 / 206 /497 |
| BAMBI |
TGFβ decoy receptor impairing the formation of TGFβR1- TGFβR2 complexes / Related to TGFβR1, but lacks the intracellular kinase domain / Overexpressed in metastasis |
Increases cellular growth / Enhances WNT signaling and inhibit of TGFβ-SMAD signaling |
17 / 146a / 205 |
146b-5p |
| SMAD2 |
Regulatory SMAD phosphorylated and relocated in the nucleus in association with SMAD4 under TGFβ signaling / Transcriptional regulation |
Mutated in CRCs |
16-1 / 25 / 30d / 30e-5p / 92a-2 / 146a / 205 / 181a2 / 424 |
30c-1 / 146b-5p / 206 / 340 |
| SMAD3 |
same as SMAD2 |
Mutated in CRCs / Overexpressed in late stage sporadic CRCs / pSMAD3L mediates Mesenchymal cell invasion |
16-1 / 23a / 23b /103-1 / 103-2 / 146a / 424 |
1 / 206 / 146b-5p / 497 / 663 |
| SMAD4 |
Interacts with phosphorated regulatory SMADs and relocates them the nucleus / Mediates TGFβ canonical signaling / Transcriptional regulation / Lost or decreased in colon cancer |
Tumor suppressor |
16-1 / 23a / 23b / 25 / 26a / 92a-2 / 146a / 205 / 424 |
1 / 206 / 146b-5p / 206 / 340 / 497 |
| SMAD7 |
Inhibitory SMAD / Interference with regulatory SMADs activation / Negative regulator of BMP and TGFβ signaling pathways / Decreases WNT signaling by recruiting SMURF2 to βCATENIN / Inhibition of NF-κB signaling |
Oncogenic by inhibition of TGFβ-mediated growth inhibition / Tumor-supressor by inhibition of TGFβ-induced metastasis and WNT signaling |
16-1 / 17 / 21 / 25 / 92a-2 / 181a2 / 424 |
340 / 497 |
| SMURF1 |
E3 ubiquitin ligase / Ubiquitinates SMAD1 and SMAD5 / Degradation of type I receptors, regulatory SMADS, SMAD4 and SMAD7 |
Not clear |
16-1 / 17 / 25 / 29c / 92a-2 103-2 / 340 / 424 / 659 |
1 / 206 / 194-2 / 103-1 /497 |
| SMURF2 |
E3 ubiquitin ligase / Ubiquitinates SMAD1 and SMAD2 / Degradation of type I receptors, regulatory SMADS, SMAD4 and SMAD7 / SMAD2-SMURF2 complexes mediate the degradation of the transcriptional corepressor SnoN |
Highly expressed in lymph node metastases / Decreases WNT signaling by ubiquitinating βCATENIN |
16-1 / 21 / 424 |
|
| DICER1 |
RNase III / Pre-miRNA processing in cytoplasm / miR-103 validated target |
Inhibition drifts epithelial cancer toward mesenchymal fate |
16-1 / 17 / 21 / 23a / 23b / 25 / 29c / 92a-2 / 103-1 / 103-2 /181a2 |
1 / 206 |
| PTEN |
PI3K phosphatase / Inhibition of cell proliferation |
Tumor suppressor |
17 / 23a / 23b / 25 / 26a / 29c / 92a-2 / 103-1 /103-2 / 181a2 / 205 |
494 |
| PDCD4 |
Upregulated during apoptosis / Inhibits cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis pathways / miR-21 validated target / Downregulated in CRCs |
Tumor suppressor |
16-1 / 17 / 21 / 23a / 23b /160 / 181a2 / 424 |
340 / 497 |
| MLH3 |
Mut-L homolog 3 / DNA Mismatch repair |
Tumor-suppressor |
16-1 / 23a / 23b / 29c / 30d / 30e-/ 5p / 103-1 / 103-2/ 424 |
1 / 206 / 30c-1/ 497 |
| MSH2 |
Mut-S homolog 2 / DNA Mismatch repair |
Tumor-suppressor |
21 |
|
| MSH3 |
Mut-S homolog 3 / DNA Mismatch repair |
Tumor-suppressor |
17 |
|
| E-CADHERI N / CDH1 |
Adherens Junctions / Maintenance of epithelial phenotype / Lost in EMT and metastasis |
Inhibitor of invasion |
17 / 23a / 23b / 25 / 92a-2 / 103-1 / 103-2 |
|
