Table 1.
Characteristics of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and genetic risk score for incident CHD cases and controls in the Greek-EPIC cohort
| Cases (n=477) |
Controls (n=1271) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n=331) |
Women (n=146) |
Men (n=784) |
Women (n=487) |
|||||
| Age (years) | 60.1 | (11.4) | 66.2 | (6.9) | 60.6 | (10.9) | 65.6 | (7.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 | (3.8) | 31.1 | (5.5) | 28.0 | (3.9) | 29.8 | (4.9) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.97 | (0.06) | 0.87 | (0.07) | 0.96 | (0.07) | 0.85 | (0.09) |
| Physical activity (MET-h/day) | 33.8 | (5.6) | 33.6 | (3.7) | 34.7 | (6.0) | 34.5 | (4.5) |
| Energy intake (kJ) | 9250.8 | (3000.8) | 6733.7 | (2021.7) | 9370.9 | (2700.4) | 7028.7 | (2330.5) |
| MedDiet score * | 4.4 | (1.7) | 4.1 | (1.6) | 4.4 | (1.7) | 4.2 | (1.6) |
| Hypertensive, n (%)† | 224 | (67.7) | 131 | (89.7) | 452 | (57.7) | 318 | (65.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%)‡ | 68 | (20.5) | 51 | (34.9) | 66 | (8.4) | 58 | (11.9) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 138 | (41.7) | 13 | (8.9) | 269 | (34.3) | 34 | (7.0) |
| Weighted GRS§ | 12.6 | (2.0) | 12.9 | (2.1) | 12.3 | (2.1) | 12.3 | (2.1) |
Data are expressed as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
*The range of the MedDiet score is from 0 to 9, with higher values indicating greater adherence to the MedDiet.33
†Defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or self-reported receipt of an antihypertensive treatment.
‡ Identified through self-reported T2DM-specific medication use or self-reported medical diagnosis of T2DM.
§The minimum and maximum weighted GRS values were 4.6 and 18.8.
CHD, coronary heart disease; EPIC, European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition; GRS, genetic risk score; MedDiet, Mediterranean diet; MET, metabolic equivalent.