Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants across Quartiles of Dietary Sodium Intake
| Characteristics | Sodium Intake (mg/day) | P-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 2116 | 2117–3061 | 3062–4267 | > 4267 | ||
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | 49 ± 0.5** | 47 ± 0.6** | 45 ± 0.4** | 41 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Sex (% Male) | 30.9 | 38.6 | 48.7 | 72.3 | < 0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Race (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.5 | 11.9 | 8.8 | 10.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 68.6 | 71.3 | 74.5 | 75.0 | |
| Mexican-American | 8.6 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.2 | |
|
| |||||
| Diabetes (%) | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 0.064 |
|
| |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 33.0 | 30.5 | 25.4 | 25.3 | < 0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Albuminuria (>30mg/g) (%) | 10.6 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 7.3 | < 0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 0.2** | 28.0 ± 0.2** | 28.2 ± 0.2 | 28.6 ± 0.2 | 0.025 |
|
| |||||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 85.0 ± 0.7** | 86.5 ± 0.8** | 89.0 ± 0.6* | 90.7 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.2 ± 0.6** | 122.1 ± 0.5* | 121.1 ± 0.6 | 120.3 ± 0.5 | 0.002 |
|
| |||||
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.0 ± 0.4 | 71.3 ± 0.5 | 71.3 ± 0.3 | 71.6 ± 0.4 | 0.74 |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard error unless otherwise specified. BMI= body mass index; eGFR= estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure
*
P < 0.05 Compared to the 4th Quartile,
**
P < 0.001 Compared to the 4th Quartile.