Table 4.

Characteristics associated with high knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco, all countries combined

Variable/category	Frequency a N (%)	Bivariate OR [95% CI]	Multivariate OR [95% CI]
Country:
Kyrgyzstan	246 (13.7)	Ref	Ref
Armenia	365 (20.3)	1.61 [1.20; 2.16]**	1.58 [1.17; 2.12] **
Azerbaijan	79 (4.4)	0.29 [0.17; 0.50] **	0.29 [0.17; 0.50] **
Belarus	531 (29.5)	2.64 [1.98; 3.53] **	2.35 [1.75; 3.17] **
Georgia	333 (15.1)	1.13 [0.83; 1.53]	1.03 [0.76; 1.42]
Kazakhstan	350 (19.4)	1.52 [1.13; 2.06]	1.33 [0.95; 1.85]
Moldova	477 (26.5)	2.28 [1.65; 3.14] **	2.22 [1.59; 3.10] **
Russia	724 (24.1)	2.01 [1.56; 2.59] **	1.91 [1.48; 2.46] **
Ukraine	685 (34.3)	3.29 [2.56; 4.24] **	3.08 [2.38; 3.98] **
Gender:
Men	1514 (19.3)	Ref	Ref
Women	2276 (22.4)	1.20 [1.10; 1.30] **	1.16 [1.05; 1.29] **
Age group:
18–29	1072 (21.3)	Ref	Ref
30–39	692 (20.3)	0.89 [0.79; 1.01]	0.88 [0.77; 1.00]
40–49	713 (21.1)	1.02 [0.91; 1.15]	1.02 [0.90; 1.16]
50–59	600 (21.8)	1.00 [0.88; 1.13]	0.97 [0.85; 1.10]
60+	713 (20.9)	0.91 [0.80; 1.03]	0.82 [0.72; 0.94] **
Education:
Secondary or less	1480 (17.3)	Ref	Ref
Vocational/some higher education	1265 (23.8)	1.44 [1.30; 1.59] **	1.25 [1.13; 1.39] **
Completed higher education	1035 (25.5)	1.57 [1.40; 1.76] **	1.42 [1.26; 1.61] **
Living location:
Urban	2507 (23.1)	Ref	Ref
Rural	1283 (18.0)	0.75 [0.65; 0.87] **	0.88 [0.75; 1.02]
Household economic status:
Bad/very bad	716 (19.8)	Ref	Ref
Average	2193 (21.5)	1.06 [0.94; 1.20]	0.97 [0.85; 1.10]
Good/very good	850 (21.3)	1.08 [0.92; 1.26]	1.00 [0.85; 1.17]
Member of an organisation:
Not a member	2707 (20.0)	Ref	Ref
Member	738 (23.0)	1.03 [0.89; 1.18]	1.12 [0.95; 1.31]
Active member	325 (28.3)	1.46 [1.24; 1.72] **	1.28 [1.08; 1.52]*
Smoking status:
Current smoker	860 (18.5)	Ref	Ref
Former smoker	481 (26.9)	1.55 [1.34; 1.80] **	1.44 [1.23; 1.67] **
Never smoked	2440 (21.2)	1.21 [1.09; 1.33] **	1.20 [1.07; 1.36] **

^*P<0.05.

^**P<0.01

^aFrequency of respondents in each variable category with a high knowledge score (score of 5–7). The tobacco knowledge outcome was the tobacco knowledge score dichotomised into having a high knowledge (scores of 5–7) or low knowledge (scores of 0–4) of tobacco’s health effects.