Table 4.

Characteristics of laboratory-confirmed Nipah spillover case villages (identified from 2001 to 2011) and 20,000 remotely sensed control sites inside and outside the Nipah Belt, Bangladesh (“remotely sensed sample,” N = 20,057)

Village characteristics*	Units	Case villages (N = 57)	Nipah Belt remotely sensed controls (N = 10,000)	All Nipah Belt villages (case villages and remotely sensed Nipah Belt controls) (N = 10,057)	Outside belt remotely sensed controls (N = 10,000)	Case villages vs. Nipah Belt remotely sensed controls P value†	Nipah Belt villages vs. outside belt remotely sensed controls P value†
Human population density‡	People/km2	1572 ± 2524	1381 ± 1355	1382 ± 1364	873 ± 760	0.57	< 0.0001
Percent forest cover‡	%	22 ± 4.1	23 ± 9.8	23 ± 9.8	38 ± 27	0.04§	< 0.0001
Forest patch density‡	No. patches/km2	0.55 ± 0.14	0.49 ± 0.20	0.49 ± 0.20	0.30 ± 0.21	0.001§	< 0.0001
Forest edge density‡	Edge length (m)/km2	21 ± 3.6	20 ± 5.3	20 ± 5.3	16 ± 8.3	0.004§	< 0.0001
Largest forest patch index‡¶	% of village	3.5 ± 1.9	6.3 ± 10	6.3 ± 10	24 ± 31	0.000§	< 0.0001

^*Data presented as means ± 1 SD.

^†Human population density comparison is based on a two-tailed, independent group t test; forest metric comparisons are based on χ² results from logistic regression controlling for human population density.

^‡In a 10 km buffer from village center.

^§The comparison of case villages to Nipah Belt controls is a Satterwaite-adjusted ±² to account for the large difference in sample size.

^¶Percent of village area occupied by the largest forest patch.