Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for 60 sachet water samples, stratified by purchase location and brand reputation, greater Accra, Ghana*
| Characteristic | Old Fadama | Old Tulaku | Significance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Poor | Good | Poor | ||
| Nominal measures: count (%) | |||||
| Discounted price | †** | ||||
| No | 15 (25) | 12 (20) | 15 (25) | 4 (7) | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 11 (18) | |
| Vendor type | §¶ | ||||
| Store | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 5 (8) | 4 (7) | |
| Stall | 4 (7) | 7 (12) | 7 (12) | 11 (18) | |
| Mobile | 11 (18) | 6 (10) | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Stored in sun | # | ||||
| No | 6 (10) | 8 (13) | 11 (18) | 13 (22) | |
| Yes | 9 (15) | 7 (12) | 4 (7) | 2 (3) | |
| Chilled for purchase | ‡ | ||||
| No | 1 (2) | 4 (7) | 1 (2) | 4 (7) | |
| Yes | 14 (23) | 11 (18) | 14 (23) | 11 (18) | |
| Vendor is a wholesaler | |||||
| No | 15 (25) | 12 (20) | 14 (23) | 14 (23) | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Cheap plastic wrapper | ‡ | ||||
| No | 15 (25) | 12 (20) | 15 (25) | 13 (22) | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | |
| Continuous measures: mean (SD) | |||||
| Days in stock | 2.3 (3.6) | 1.9 (1.3) | 2.7 (2.7) | 5.7 (7.6) | †† |
| Total coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 28.7 (50.6) | ‡** |
| Fecal coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Escherichia coli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Total heterotrophic bacteria | 201.9 (484.5) | 255.1 (502.8) | 106.6 (359.0) | 589.4 (813.5) | § |
*
Statistical significance was determined by using Pearson's chi-square test for nominal measures and analysis of variance for continuous measures.
†
P < 0.001 for differences across pooled quality reputation (good vs. poor).
‡
P < 0.05.
§
P < 0.10.
¶
P < 0.001 for differences across location (Old Fadama vs. Old Tulaku).
#
P < 0.01.
**
P < 0.05.
††
P < 0.10.