Table 3.
Pathogens isolated from stool or rectal swab specimens for all patients presenting to a diarrheal hospital during Ramadan and control periods, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1996–2012*
| Pathogen | All, Ramadan (n = 3,394) no. (%) | All, control period (n = 3,616) no. (%) | P | non-Muslims Ramadan (n = 125) no. (%) | non-Muslims control period (n = 131) no. (%) | P | ≤ 12 years of age, Ramadan (n = 1,986) no. (%) | ≤ 12 years of age, control period (n = 2,071) no. (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella spp. | 62 (2) | 67 (2) | NS | 2 (2) | 1 (0.8) | NS | 30 (2) | 33 (2) | NS |
| Shigella spp. | 150 (4) | 196 (5) | 0.05 | 4 (3) | 12 (9) | NS | 96 (5) | 114 (6) | NS |
| Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 | 896 (26) | 939 (26) | NS | 28 (22) | 37 (28) | NS | 349 (18) | 384 (19) | NS |
| Aeromonas spp. | 104 (3) | 127 (4) | NS | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | NS | 70 (4) | 75 (4) | NS |
| Campylobacter spp. | 148 (4) | 152 (4) | NS | 5 (4) | 6 (5) | NS | 107 (5) | 106 (5) | NS |
| Other bacteria† | 53 (2) | 63 (2) | NS | 5 (4) | 2 (2) | NS | 25 (1) | 29 (1) | NS |
| ETEC | 217 (6) | 246 (7) | NS | 4 (3) | 13 (10) | NS | 135 (7) | 142 (7) | NS |
| Rotavirus | 797 (23) | 785 (22) | NS | 33 (26) | 29 (22) | NS | 749 (38) | 716 (35) | NS |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 25 (0.7) | 25 (0.7) | NS | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | NS | 3 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | NS |
| Giardia | 53 (2) | 58 (2) | NS | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | NS | 23 (1) | 24 (1) | NS |
| Ascaris | 81 (2) | 88 (2) | NS | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | NS | 40 (2) | 45 (2) | NS |
| Trichuris | 100 (3) | 96 (3) | NS | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | NS | 21 (1) | 25 (1) | NS |
| Hookworm | 38 (1) | 28 (1) | NS | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | NS | 7 (0.4) | 4 (0.2) | NS |
| Any pathogen | 2,164 (64) | 2,261 (63) | NS | 84 (67) | 84 (64) | NS | 1,326 (67) | 1,363 (66) | NS |
*
NS = not significant (P > 0.10); ETEC = enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
†
Hafnia alvei, non-O1/O139 Vibrios, Plesiomonas, and Shigelloides.