Table 1.
Distribution of select characteristics of lung cancer cases and healthy controls in a Texas Case–Control Study of Mexican-Americans, 1991–2010
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 204)
|
Controls (n = 325)
|
P value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. or mean (SD) | % | No. or mean (SD) | % | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Males | 134 | 65.7 | 198 | 60.9 | 0.270 |
| Females | 70 | 34.3 | 127 | 39.1 | |
| Mean age (years) | |||||
| Overall | 63.5 (10.8) | 60.9 (13.3) | 0.013 | ||
| Males | 63.8 (10.4) | 61.8 (12.9) | 0.127 | ||
| Females | 63.0 (11.7) | 59.4 (13.8) | 0.065 | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 43 | 21.1 | 110 | 33.9 | |
| Former | 72 | 35.3 | 118 | 36.3 | 0.001 |
| Current | 89 | 43.6 | 97 | 29.9 | |
| Current smokers | |||||
| Smoking duration | 43.4 (12.1) | 34.5 (16.2) | <0.001 | ||
| No. of cigarettes/day | 23.3 (13.8) | 13.5 (11.1) | <0.001 | ||
| Pack-years: mean(SD) | 50.7 (34.3) | 25.1 (22.9) | <0.001 | ||
| Smoking Intensity | |||||
| Light smoker: 0<pack-years ≤ 20 | 13 | 14.6 | 47 | 51.1 | |
| Moderate smoker: 20<pack-years ≤ 40 | 24 | 27.0 | 23 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
| Heavy smoker: 40<pack-years | 52 | 58.4 | 22 | 23.9 | |
| Former smokers | |||||
| Smoking duration | 37.9 (15.5) | 24.6 (14.7) | <0.001 | ||
| No. of cigarettes/day | 20.8 (13.0) | 16.6 (14.6) | 0.045 | ||
| Pack-years: mean | 41.2 (32.0) | 22.4 (31.6) | <0.001 | ||
| Years since smoking cessation | 10.6 (9.19) | 16.2 (12.3) | 0.001 | ||
| Age at smoking cessation | 57.5 (12.2) | 44.7 (14.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Smoking intensity | |||||
| Light smoker: 0<Pack-years ≤ 20 | 21 | 29.2 | 76 | 67.3 | |
| Moderate smoker: 20<Pack-years ≤ 40 | 21 | 41.7 | 21 | 18.6 | <0.001 |
| Heavy smoker: 40<pack-years | 30 | 29.2 | 16 | 14.2 | |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Asthma | 14 | 7.6 | 19 | 6.5 | 0.631 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasea | 42 | 22.8 | 34 | 11.6 | 0.001 |
| Hay Fever | 10 | 5.6 | 39 | 13.3 | 0.007 |
| Pneumonia | 46 | 25.3 | 35 | 11.9 | <0.001 |
| Histology | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 80 | 42.3 | |||
| Squamous cell | 50 | 26.5 | |||
| Other NSCLC | 25 | 13.2 | |||
| Small cell | 16 | 8.5 | |||
| Other LC | 18 | 9.5 | |||
| Stage | |||||
| I | 14 | 15.7 | |||
| II | 5 | 5.6 | |||
| III | 25 | 28.1 | |||
| IV | 45 | 50.6 | |||
| Family history among first degree relatives | |||||
| Lung cancer | 15 | 7.4 | 25 | 7.7 | 0.886 |
| Smoking-related cancersb | 53 | 26.0 | 81 | 24.9 | 0.785 |
SD standard deviation
*
P values were derived from Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables and Student’s t test for continuous variables
a
COPD included emphysema and chronic bronchitis
b
Smoking related cancers (e.g., head and neck; urinary bladder and kidney; esophageal; pancreatic; cervical; and esophageal)