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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2012 Jul 9;28:189–214. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155807

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Laboratory models of aneuploidy. Several methods have been used to create aneuploid yeast strains and mammalian cells. (a) Yeast strains with uneven ploidy produce highly aneuploid meiotic products (spores). (b) Karyogamy defective yeast strains (kar1Δ15) can be used to produce rare chromosome transfers between nuclei during abortive matings by simultaneously selecting for two different markers present on homologous chromosomes. (c) Aneuploid mouse embryos can be generated by relying on meiotic non-disjunctions during gamete formation in male mice with two heterozygous Robertsonian fusion chromosomes (for example the fusions of 11/13 and 13/16 can create sperm with two copies of chromosome 13). When such males are crossed to wild-type females, trisomic embryos are generated. (d) Chromosome transfer by fusion of micro-cell encapsulated chromosomes to recipient cells (Saxon & Stanbridge 1987) can be used to create aneuploid cell lines. “x” denotes any number of mis-segregated chromosomes.