Fig. 1.

Schematic outline of experimental procedures and timeline. Echocardiography on conscious mice was performed before as well as 7 and 28 days following ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Arterial and jugular chronic catheterization was performed 28 days following the myocardial infarction (MI) event for the arterial sampling and venous infusion protocols of the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (insulin) clamp. Insulin clamps were executed after 7 days of recovery from the catheterization surgeries (36 days postinfarct) to assess insulin sensitivity in the conscious, unrestrained mouse. Isotopic tracer {2-[¹⁴C]deoxyglucose (2-[¹⁴C]DG)} administration during insulin clamps allowed for tissue-specific glucose uptake to be assessed in vivo. Additional experiments included evaluation of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac fibers and regulators of metabolism by immunoblotting. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.