Table 1.
Fasting blood and serum parameters
| L-SED | O-SED | O-SED + M | O-EndEx | O-EndEx + M | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 43.1 ± 3.4a | 344.0 ± 41.4b | 337.4 ± 46.1b | 121.1 ± 14.5a | 125.3 ± 25.7a |
| Free fatty acids, mmol/l | 0.28 ± 0.02a | 0.90 ± 0.07b | 0.89 ± 0.05b | 0.57 ± 0.05c | 0.53 ± 0.07c |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 152.1 ± 4.5a | 298.0 ± 13.0b | 268.9 ± 17.5b | 217.9 ± 14.4c | 189.3 ± 8.6c |
| Insulin, ng/ml | 3.14 ± 0.41a | 7.13 ± 0.83b | 7.08 ± 1.01b | 4.21 ± 0.47a | 3.70 ± 0.30a |
| Hb A1c, % glycosylated | 4.82 ± 0.11a | 6.88 ± 0.28b | 5.34 ± 0.16c | 5.40 ± 0.07c | 4.99 ± 0.08a,c |
Values are means ± SE (n = 8–10/group). L-SED, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats in sedentary cage conditions; O-SED, OLETF rats in sedentary cage conditions; O-SED + M, OLETF rats plus metformin; O-EndEx, OLETF rats with moderate-intensity exercise training; O-EndEx + M, OLETF rats with moderate-intensity exercise training plus metformin. Values with different superscripted letters are significantly different; P < 0.05.