Table 4.

Traditional versus nontraditional risk factors and incidence of adult overweight and obesity in the Quebec Family Study

	OR	95 % CI
Common risk factors
High lipid intake
≥40% fat/day (vs. <30 % fat/day)	1.31	0.81–1.82
Nonparticipation in high-intensity physical activity
0 min/day (vs. ≥30 min/day)	1.80**	1.18–2.47
Two risk factors combined
≥40% fat/day + 0 min/day	2.66*	1.59–3.79
Emerging risk factors
Low calcium intake
<600 mg/day (vs. ≥1,000 mg/day)	2.18*	1.17–3.26
High disinhibition eating behavior
≥6 disinhibition score (vs. ≤3 disinhibition score)	2.76*	1.48–4.10
Short sleep duration
<6 h/day (vs. 7–8 h/day)	2.97*	1.68–4.34
Low calcium intake and high disinhibition eating behavior
<600 mg/day + ≥6 disinhibition score	3.76*	2.31–5.39
Low calcium intake and short sleep duration
<600 mg/day + <6 h/day	4.02*	2.71–5.46
High disinhibition eating behavior and short sleep duration
≥6 disinhibition score + <6 h/day	4.49*	3.06–6.06
Three risk factors combined
<600 mg of calcium/day + ≥6 disinhibition score +
<6 h of sleep/day	4.92*	3.22–6.73

Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) calculated by logistic regression analysis. Model adjusted for age, sex, baseline body mass index, length of follow-up, and socioeconomic status. ORs were determined for the “at risk” compared to the “reference” groups of risk factors for the odds of developing overweight/obesity (i.e. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) over the 6-year follow-up period among the participants who were not overweight or obese at baseline. *P < 0.01; **P < 0.05. (Table adapted from Chaput et al. [59])