Table 1.

Embryo morphology of untreated, saline-injected, and ethanol-injected quail embryos at HH stage 19 (72 h)

Phenotype	Untreated	Saline	Ethanol
Heart rate, bpm	201 ± 26 (7)	203 ± 28 (8)	188 ± 36 (8)
Normal body	100% (26)	100% (31)	38% (53)
Twisted	0% (26)	0% (31)	49% (53)
Super-twisted	0% (26)	0% (31)	13% (53)
Abnormal yolk sac vasculature	0% (26)	0% (31)	15% (53)

Applicable values are means ± SE. Numbers in parentheses represent total number of specimens from which percentages were calculated. HH, Hamburger-Hamilton. bpm, beats per minute.