Table 1.

Cellular inflammatory response 1 yr after exposure to CNF, SWCNT, or asbestos

Cells, fold of control	SWCNT Inhalation, 5 μg	SWCNT Aspiration, 40 μg	CNF Aspiration, 40 μg	CNF Aspiration, 120 μg	Asbestos Aspiration, 120 μg
Total Cells	1.41 ± 0.08*	0.86 ± 0.15	1.40 ± 0.07*	1.55 ± 0.10*	1.33 ± 0.08*
AMs	1.38 ± 0.08*	0.85 ± 0.15	1.41 ± 0.07*	1.53 ± 0.10*	1.26 ± 0.07*
PMNs	21.71 ± 3.32*	0.95 ± 0.24	0.48 ± 0.21	2.09 ± 0.32*	5.09 ± 1.52*
Lymphocytes	2.47 ± 0.91	2.52 ± 1.06	4.79 ± 1.65*	7.31 ± 2.46*	12.58 ± 3.55*

Values are presented as means ± SE. Mice were exposed via pharyngeal aspiration with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (lung burden of 40 μg), carbon nanofibers (CNF) (lung burden of 40 or 120 μg), or crocidolite asbestos (lung burden of 120 μg), and by inhalation with SWCNT (lung burden of 5 μg). Animals were killed 1 yr postexposure. Data expressed as fold of control. Average cell counts in control groups from 4 independent experiments were 57.7 × 10⁴, 56.7 × 10⁴, 0.63 × 10⁴, and 0.33 × 10⁴ for total cells, alveolar macrophages (AMs), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and lymphocytes, respectively. n = 6 mice per group;

^*P > 0.05 vs. control.