. 2013 Dec 23;6(1):20–32. doi: 10.3390/toxins6010020

Table 1.

The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in compound feeds and feed ingredients.

Samples				Number (%) of DON contaminated samples	Concentration (mg/kg)
Type		Total number	Contaminated number	Number (%) of DON contaminated samples	Minimum ± SD	Maximum ± SD	Mean ± SD
Cattle feeds
Breeding	Pregnancy	5	5	(100^b)	0.225 ± 0.030	0.869 ± 0.004	0.463 ± 0.248
Lactation	Lactation	11	11	(100^b)	0.131 ± 0.027	1.000 ± 0.084	0.466 ± 0.280
	Calf	11	11	(100^b)	0.137 ± 0.018	0.942 ± 0.066	0.465 ± 0.280
Fatting	Calves	11	11	(100^b)	0.182 ± 0.002	0.943 ± 0.148	0.585 ± 0.282
	Finishing (early^c)	6	6	(100^b)	0.213 ± 0.008	0.818 ± 0.181	0.470 ± 0.256
	Finishing (late^d)	6	6	(100^b)	0.187 ± 0.036	0.885 ± 0.030	0.642 ± 0.334
Total		50	50	(100^b)
Swine feeds
	Piglets	5	2	(40^b)	0.046 ± 0.002	0.116 ± 0.020	0.081 ± 0.049
	Piglets ≥ 5 kg	10	10	(100^b)	0.114 ± 0.011	0.781 ± 0.038	0.325 ± 0.223
Breeding	Pregnancy	10	10	(100^b)	0.097 ± 0.005	0.732 ± 0.011	0.356 ± 0.253
	Lactation	10	8	(80^b)	0.038 ± 0.006	0.843 ± 0.057	0.308 ± 0.315
Fatting	Growing (early^c)	10	9	(90^b)	0.037 ± 0.024	0.982 ± 0.329	0.321 ± 5.032
	Growing (late^d)	5	5	(100^b)	0.043 ± 0.008	0.492 ± 0.014	0.151 ± 0.193
Total		50	44	(88 ^b)
Poultry feeds
Layer	Chicken	15	15	(100^b)	0.045 ± 0.001	1.097 ± 0.201	0.282 ± 0.297
	Laying	11	10	(91^b)	0.035 ± 0.008	1.492 ± 0.448	0.255 ± 0.452
Broiler	Broiler (early^c)	10	8	(80^b)	0.042 ± 0.021	0.139 ± 0.023	0.089 ± 0.038
	Broiler (late^d)	9	7	(78^b)	0.051 ± 0.026	0.333 ± 0.009	0.145 ± 0.096
Parent stock	Breeder	5	3	(60^b)	0.079 ± 0.013	0.749 ± 0.181	0.329 ± 0.336
Total		50	43	(86^b)
Feed ingredients
Vegetable proteins	Soybean meal	2	0	(0)		-	-
	Corn gluten	4	1	(25^b)	0.050 ± 0.015	0.050 ± 0.015	0.050 ± 0.015
	Corn germ meal	2	2	(100^b)	0.083 ± 0.005	0.094 ± 0.004	0.089 ± 0.007
	Others^e	10	6	(60^b)	0.555 ± 0.031	0.957 ± 0.003	0.663 ± 0.150
Bran	Wheat bran	1	0	(0)	-	-	-
	Others^f	8	7	(87.5^b)	0.075 ± 0.012	0.640 ± 0.099	0.421 ± 0.232
Others	By-products of food	2	0	(0^b)	-	-	-
	Grain products	1	0	(0)	-	-	-
Total		30	16	(53.33^b)
Total		180	153	(85 ^b)

Notes: ^a: Samples with DON concentrations ≥LOQ (0.035 mg/kg) were used in the analyses; ^b: Concentration (%); ^c: Early: under three months; ^d: Late: 3 to 6 months; ^e: Others: distillers dried grains, palm oil meal, coffee meal; ^f: Others: corn gluten feed, wheat bran, cotton seeds hull, corn-bran, wheat shorts, wheat flour.