Figure 1.

Common features of fungal biofilms. Gene expression has been compared between planktonic and biofilm cells of both A. fumigatus and Candida albicans. The major categories of genes up regulated in biofilms are summarize in the blue box. The photos depict the biofilm of A. fumigatus and C. albicans. The missing ingredient of the blue box is the up regulation of secondary metabolite pathways as demonstrated in vitro by Bruns et al. [38]. Permission to publish this figure was given by Dr. Fanning and Mitchell [39].