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A: Rat was placed in a stereotaxic head holder. The head was flexed downward at approximately 90◦. A midline scalp incision was made and the cervico-spinal muscle was reflected. B: The atlanto-ocipital membrane exposed. C: The atlanto-occipital membrane punctured by the fire-polished 1 ml syringe connected to the 27G dental needle. D: Using a special stereotaxic guide to hold the syringe
