Table 2.
Table of food groups used in the principal component analysis of food frequency data with a description of the food group and the coefficients for each pattern identified
| Food type | Food group | Description of food group | Coefficients* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&F | LV | |||
| Beverages | Tea and coffee | −0.05 | 0.14 | |
| Milk | Fresh milk | −0.01 | −0.02 | |
| Hot milky drinks | Drinks made with hot milk and processed powder products (brands include: ‘Horlicks’, ‘Complan’, ‘Boost’, ‘Bournvita’) | 0.01 | 0.11 | |
| Fruit juice | Fresh fruit juice | 0.13 | 0.01 | |
| Fruit‐based drinks | Processed fruit drinks containing added sugar (brands include: ‘Frooty’, ‘Maza’) | 0.17 | −0.05 | |
| Sweetened drinks | Carbonated drinks; drinks with added flavouring and sugar (brands include: ‘Pepsi’, ‘Sprite’) | 0.23 | 0.08 | |
| Fruit | Banana | 0.10 | 0.12 | |
| Apple | 0.21 | 0.03 | ||
| ‘Snack’ fruit † | Guava, pomegranate, grapes, sweet lime (Citrus Limetta), orange | 0.25 | 0.15 | |
| Other fruit | Sapota (Manilkara zapota); Watermelon; Papaya; Jack‐fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus); Mango | 0.20 | 0.07 | |
| Dry fruit and nut | Dates, raisins, cashew nuts, pistachios, almonds | 0.13 | 0.00 | |
| Rice | Rice | Plain steamed rice | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Rice with Dahl | Rice with lentils | 0.12 | −0.14 | |
| Traditional rice | Rice flavoured with tamarind, rice flavoured with lemon | 0.07 | 0.22 | |
| Oily rice | Rice fried with oil or ghee | 0.20 | −0.03 | |
| Rice with vegetables | Rice with vegetables and oil | 0.02 | 0.16 | |
| Rice with yoghurt | Rice with yoghurt (milk curd) | 0.07 | 0.26 | |
| Processed rice | Puffed Rice, Rice Flakes | 0.12 | 0.21 | |
| Fermented rice foods | Idly | Steamed patty made from fermented rice and lentils | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Rice dosas | Pancake made from fermented rice and lentil | 0.01 | 0.20 | |
| Masala dosa | Pancake made from fermented rice and lentils stuffed with potato and spices | 0.05 | 0.08 | |
| Bread | Unleavened breads | Chapathi, Parata (wheat based unleavened breads) | 0.11 | −0.16 |
| Unleavened oily bread | Poori (fried wheat based unleavened bread) | 0.12 | 0.12 | |
| Leavened breads | Bun, sliced bread | 0.20 | 0.02 | |
| Other cereal based foods | Branded noodles | Wheat noodles (brands include ‘Maggi’) | 0.21 | −0.15 |
| Finger millet ‡ | Finger millet bread; finger millet porridge | 0.01 | 0.27 | |
| Wheat dishes | Semolina, wheat vermicelli | 0.06 | 0.07 | |
| Cooked vegetable dishes | Dry cooked vegetables dishes | Pea, French bean, eggplant, carrot or beetroot cooked dry with spices | 0.07 | 0.23 |
| Cooked GLV dishes | GLV cooked dry with spices, green leafy vegetable curry | 0.01 | 0.06 | |
| Cooked GLV dishes with lentils | GLV and lentil curry | 0.02 | 0.19 | |
| Whole legume curries | Curries made from whole (non‐split) lentils and other legumes | 0.02 | 0.15 | |
| Tomato curry | Curry made with tomato and onion | −0.02 | 0.18 | |
| Dry potato dishes | Potato cooked with spices | 0.09 | 0.00 | |
| Salad | Salad | Cucumber, tomato, onion, carrot, radish, beans, cabbage, beetroot | 0.19 | 0.11 |
| Meat/fish/egg dishes | Rice with poultry, meat or egg | Chicken, mutton or egg biryani (rice dish cooked with oil) | 0.23 | −0.17 |
| Fish | Fish, fried or curry | 0.10 | −0.12 | |
| Chicken | Chicken, fried or curry | 0.11 | −0.21 | |
| Mutton | Mutton, whole pieces or minced | 0.16 | −0.26 | |
| Boiled eggs | 0.09 | −0.02 | ||
| Fried eggs | Fried egg, omelette | 0.15 | −0.19 | |
| Snacks | Cereal‐based snacks | Snacks made with wheat or rice egg samosa | 0.28 | 0.07 |
| Legume‐based snacks | Snacks made with split or whole legumes egg pakora | 0.24 | −0.09 | |
| Chips | Deep fried potato or plantain slices | 0.19 | −0.01 | |
| Cakes | Plain cakes, cream cakes | 0.19 | −0.04 | |
| Biscuits | Salted biscuit, sweet biscuit, cream biscuit | 0.12 | 0.02 | |
| Sugary food/Sweets | Jam | Jam | 0.17 | −0.04 |
| Honey | Honey | 0.11 | 0.04 | |
| Added sugar | Sugar added to any food or added to fruit juice by the child/parent | 0.01 | 0.21 | |
| Confectionery | Chocolate bar, toffee, candy, ice cream, ice lolly | 0.17 | −0.12 | |
| Home‐made sweets | Sweets, sweet vermicelli | 0.20 | −0.03 | |
| Dairy | Yoghurt | Yoghurt (milk curd), raita (yoghurt and raw vegetables), buttermilk | 0.07 | 0.24 |
| Butter and ghee | Butter, ghee (clarified butter) | 0.11 | 0.17 | |
| Chutney | Chutney | Chutney, pickle | −0.02 | 0.07 |
| Total variance explained (%) | 9.1 | 7.5 | ||
GLV, green leafy vegetable; LV, lacto‐vegetarian pattern; S&F, snack and fruit pattern. *Values in bold are >|0.20|, †Snack fruit is defined as fruit that is eaten in small quantities. ‡Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a cereal grown in arid climates.