Table 1.

Treatment guidelines for cytomegalovirus infection in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Category of infection	Antiviral therapies	Adjunctive management
CMV infection: primary or secondary	Consider pre-emptive treatment based on viral DNA copy number and clinical situation (no definitive threshold for treatment based on DNA copy number)	Follow viral load Consider modifying immunosuppression if feasible
CMV syndrome	Treat: iv. gancyclovir first line; foscarnet and others if intolerant	Monitor immunosuppressants Consider CMV IVIg (Cytogam®)
CMV disease	Treat: iv. gancyclovir first line; foscarnet and others if intolerant	Consider modifying immunosuppression if feasible Consider CMV IVIg (Cytogam)

CMV: Cytomegalovirus; iv.: Intravenous; IVIg: Intravenous immunoglobin.