Table 1.
Variables tested in 412 patients
| Variable | Missing, n | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at surgery, years, mean ± SD | 65.4 ± 10.4 | |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 214 (51.9%) | |
| Race, | ||
| White, n (%) | 371 (90.1%) | |
| Other, n (%) | 41 (10.0%) | |
| Weight loss, n (%) | 265 (70.3%) | Missing 35 |
| Jaundice, n (%) | 333 (81.0%) | Missing 1 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 218 (53.0%) | Missing 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 132 (32.1%) | Missing 1 |
| Chronic pancreatitis, n (%) | 35 (8.5%) | Missing 1 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | Missing 4 | |
| Current | 106 (26.0%) | |
| Past | 157 (35.8%) | |
| Never | 156 (38.4%) | |
| Family history of, n (%) | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | 36 (9.5%) | Missing 34 |
| Other gastrointestinal cancer | 58 (15.3%) | Missing 33 |
| Non-gastrointestinal cancer | 186 (48.4%) | Missing 28 |
| Haematocrit <25, n (%) | 8 (2.0%) | Missing 4 |
| Platelet count <250 000/mm3, n (%) | Missing 9 | |
| Yes | 185 (45.9%) | |
| No | 218 (54.1%) | |
| AST >100 IU, n (%) | 97 (24.6%) | Missing 17 |
| Bilirubin >20 mg/dla, n (%) | 15 (3.8%) | Missing 13 |
| Albumin <3.0 mg/dl, n (%) | 34 (8.5%) | Missing 10 |
| CA 19-9 >100 IU, n (%) | 106 (46.9%) | Missing 186 |
| ERCP stent, n (%) | 274 (79.0%) | Missing 65 |
| Surgery type, n (%) | Missing 7 | |
| Standard | 336 (83.0%) | |
| Pylorus-sparing Whipple | 41 (10.1%) | |
| Total pancreatectomy | 28 (6.9%) | |
| Vascular resection, n (%) | 131 (31.9%) | Missing 1 |
| Estimated blood loss ≤500 ml, n (%) | 167 (41.7%) | Missing 11 |
| Tumour size, n (%) | Missing 17 | |
| <2.0 cm | 94 (23.8%) | |
| 2.0–2.9 cm | 147 (37.2%) | |
| 3.0–3.9 cm | 97 (24.6%) | |
| ≥4 cm | 57 (14.4%) | |
| Histological grade, n (%) | Missing 7 | |
| Good | 24 (5.9%) | |
| Moderate | 197 (48.6%) | |
| Poor | 184 (45.4%) | |
| Lymphatic invasion, n (%) | 227 (62.5%) | Missing 49 |
| Venous invasion, n (%) | 177 (49.3%) | Missing 53 |
| Perineural invasion, n (%) | 314 (84.0%) | Missing 38 |
| Surgical margins, n (%) | Missing 3 | |
| R0 | 294 (71.8%) | |
| R1 | 115 (28.1%) | |
| N-stage, n (%) | Missing 4 | |
| N0 | 119 (29.2%) | |
| N1 | 289 (70.8%) | |
| M-stage, n (%) | ||
| M0 | 408 (98.9%) | |
| M1 | 4 (1.1%) |
a
Normal range: 0.1–1.0 mg/dl. Other patients may have had bilirubin levels as high as this before being stented at outside institutions. Such results, if they occurred, were unavailable.
SD, standard deviation; AST, aspartate transaminase; CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; N-stage, nodal stage; M-stage, metastatic stage.