Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses for associations between GDS-15 and Berg Balance Scale, GDS-15 and Barthel ADL Index, and GDS-15 and each individual ADL task of Barthel ADL Index, separately^a

Characteristic	Univariate linear regression analyses n=392		Multivariate linear regression analyses n=391		R2
	Unstandardized b (95% CI)	P	Unstandardized b (95% CI)	P
Berg Balance Scale	−0.04 (−0.06, −0.03)	<0.001	−0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)	0.008	0.174
Barthel ADL Index	−0.12 (−0.18, −0.06)	<0.001	−0.07 (−0.14, 0.004)	0.068	0.166
Dependency in individual tasks of Barthel ADL Index
Bowel continence	−0.39 (−0.88, 0.11)	0.12	−0.02 (−0.83, 0.79)	0.96	0.158
Bladder continence	−0.27 (−0.62, 0.08)	0.13	0.09 (−0.54, 0.71)	0.79	0.158
Grooming	−0.79 (−1.42, −0.16)	0.015	−0.41 (−1.06, 0.25)	0.22	0.161
Toilet use	−0.66 (−1.05, −0.28)	<0.001	−0.47 (−1.17, 0.24)	0.19	0.162
Feeding	−1.01 (−1.69, −0.33)	0.004	−0.36 (−1.14, 0.42)	0.36	0.160
Transfer	−0.95 (−1.36, −0.54)	<0.001	−1.03 (−1.77, −0.29)	0.007	0.175
Mobility	−0.55 (−0.87, −0.23)	<0.001	−0.57 (−1.26, 0.13)	0.11	0.164
Dressing	−0.79 (−1.15, −0.44)	<0.001	−0.70 (−1.35, −0.05)	0.035	0.168
Stairs	−0.50 (−0.79, −0.20)	<0.001	0.05 (−0.76, 0.86)	0.90	0.158
Bathing	−0.43 (−1.03, 0.17)	0.16	0.03 (−0.67, 0.74)	0.93	0.156

Notes: Each multivariate linear regression analysis was adjusted for age, sex, and baseline characteristics associated (P≤0.15) with GDS-15 in univariate analysis; dementia, previous stroke, current urinary tract infection, angina pectoris, malignancy in the last 5 years, constipation, rheumatic disease, diuretics, analgesics, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, number of drugs used regularly, and visual impairment. Living in residential care facility was adjusted for in all multivariate analyses except for that of the ADL item bathing.

^aGDS-15 was used as dependent variable.

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; CI, confidence interval; GDS-15, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.