Table 2.

Cause of Death	Lower Intensity N (% of total)	Higher Intensity N (% of total)	p-Value
Infectious causes			0.05
Pneumonia	6 (4.9%)	19 (14%)
Other infection/septicaemia	16 (13.1%)	16 (11.7%)
Cardiovascular causes			0.47
Ischaemic heart disease	16 (13.1%)	17 (12.5%)
Cardiac failure	12 (9.8%)	8 (5.9%)
Other vascular disease	5 (4.1%)	10 (7.4%)
Malignancy			0.12
Cancer	17 (13.9%)	29 (21.3%)
Haematological malignancy	7 (5.7%)	3 (2.2%)
Metabolic			0.24
Respiratory failure	9 (7.4%)	5 (3.7%)
Renal failure	6 (4.9%)	6 (4.4%)
Liver failure	7 (5.7%)	3 (2.2%)
Other or unknown	21 (17.2%)	20 (14.7%)	0.58
Total	122	136

p-Values refer to differences across the category of death by treatment allocation.

Forty-four patients (5.4% of those alive at day 90) were treated with maintenance dialysis (Figure 4), 21 of 411 (5.1%) in the lower intensity group and 23 of 399 (5.8%) in the higher intensity group (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.63–2.00, p = 0.69). Thirty-four of these patients (77.2%) entered the maintenance dialysis program before day 90 following randomization, and ten (22.8%) entered after day 90. The cumulative incidence of the competing outcomes of death or treatment with chronic dialysis is illustrated in Figure 4. Of the 12 patients whose death was ascribed to renal failure, two had entered a dialysis program before death.