Figure 8. Inhibitory effects of 4d and 4e on NO and TNF-α production in LTA- or Poly I∶C-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Cells were incubated for 16 h with LTA (10 µg/mL) (A) or Poly I∶C (10 µg/mL) (B) in the absence or presence of α-GalCer analogs 4d and 4e (5 µM), and the amounts of released NO and TNF-α were measured in supernatants. Treatment with α-GalCer analogs alone did not affect NO or TNF-α production. Bars indicate the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05; significantly different from stimulated microglial cells.