Table 2. Unadjusted endophenotypes for schizophrenia subjects and unaffected siblings.
| Schizophrenia subjects (N = 293) | Unaffected siblings (N = 382) | |||||||
| Endophenotype | n | Mean | SD (Min, Max) | n | Mean | SD (Min, Max) | ||
| Antisaccade (proportion correct)a | 242 | 0.62 | 0.26 (0, 0.98) | 331 | 0.81 | 0.20 (0.02, 1) | ||
| PPI (percent)b | 198 | 44 | 28 (−107, 90) | 275 | 46 | 26 (−64, 94) | ||
| DS-CPT (d′)c | 252 | 2.4 | 1.1 (0.1, 5.4) | 349 | 2.7 | 1.0 (0.0, 5.3) | ||
| CPT-IP 3-digit (d′)d | 242 | 2.2 | 0.8 (−0.2, 4.3) | 348 | 3.0 | 0.8 (0.0, 4.8) | ||
| CPT-IP 4-digit (d′)e | 241 | 1.3 | 0.7 (−0.2, 3.5) | 348 | 2.0 | 0.8 (−0.3, 4.8) | ||
| LNS Forward (number correct)f | 282 | 13 | 3 (4, 21) | 370 | 14 | 3 (4, 21) | ||
| LNS Reordered (number correct)g | 281 | 9 | 3 (1, 18) | 368 | 11 | 3 (4, 20) | ||
| CVLT total (number correct)h | 277 | 43 | 13 (11, 75) | 369 | 55 | 9 (28, 76) | ||
| CVLT semantic (number correct)i | 277 | 0.5 | 1.5 (−2.2, 7.6) | 369 | 1.9 | 2.2 (−2.4, 8.4) | ||
| CNB (z-transformed number correct)j | ||||||||
| Abstraction/mental flexibility | 258 | −0.56 | 1.2 (−2.5, 1.3) | 347 | 0.06 | 0.88 (−2.5, 1.3) | ||
| Verbal memory | 149 | −0.71 | 1.2 (−4.0, 1.5) | 177 | −0.03 | 0.93 (−4, 1.5 | ||
| Face memory | 267 | −0.83 | 1.2 (−4.0, 1.6) | 350 | 0.09 | 0.86 (−3.2, 1.7) | ||
| Spatial memory | 261 | −0.61 | 1.1 (−3.4, 1.8) | 349 | 0.09 | 0.87 (−2.4, 1.8) | ||
| Spatial processing | 247 | −0.06 | 1.1 (−3.7, 1.4) | 332 | 0.16 | 0.92 (−4, 1.4) | ||
| Sensorimotor dexterity | 263 | −0.20 | 1.0 (−4.0, 0.1) | 345 | 0.07 | 0.37 (−4, 0.12) | ||
| Emotion processing | 261 | −0.88 | 1.4 (−4.0, 1.9) | 348 | 0.13 | 0.86 (−3.9, 1.9) | ||
Abbreviations: CNB, Computerized Neurocognitive Battery; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs version; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; DS-CPT, Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test; LNS, Letter-Number Span; PPI, prepulse inhibition.
Proportion correct out of a maximum of 60 trials.
Prepulse inhibition using 60 msec pulses.
100 × [1 − (magnitude of startle to pulse preceded by prepulse/magnitude of startle to pulse without a preceding prepulse)].
Overall signal/noise discrimination (d′).
Three-digit d′.
Four-digit d′.
After each sequence, the participant is asked to recall the numbers and letters in the same exact order, with no reordering of the stimuli. The number of digits and letters increases by one on each trial, from one up to a maximum length of 8 stimuli. Three sequences of the same length are presented during each trial. The test is discontinued when the subject fails three consecutive sequences of the same length. The score is the total number of correctly recalled sequences.
After each sequence, the participant is asked to repeat the numbers in ascending order first and then the letters in alphabetical order.
Trials 1–5 Free Recall Correct.
Total semantic clustering scores on trials 1–5.
The number of correct responses standardized to a z-score based on the COGS community control subjects.