Effect of GLN supplementation and heat stress on HSF-1, HSP70, and occludin protein expression in Caco-2 epithelial cells. HSF-1 (A and B) was significantly higher in the 4 and 6 mM 41°C trial compared with the 0 mM 37°C trial. A: HSF-1 and β-actin (loading control) protein expression. B: densitometry of protein content of the corresponding blots (A) was corrected for loading with β-actin and expressed as a ratio. *P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0 mM 37°C trial; +P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0 mM 41°C trial. Data are means ± SD, n = 4. HSP70 (C and D) protein expression was higher in the 4 and 6 mM 41°C trial compared with 0 mM 37°C trial. C: HSP70 and β-actin (loading control) protein expression. D: densitometry of protein content of the corresponding blots (C) was corrected for loading with β-actin and expressed as a ratio. *P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0 mM 37°C trial; +P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0 mM 41°C trial. Data are means ± SD, n = 4. Occludin expression (E and F) was significantly decreased in the 0 mM 41°C trial compared with the 0 mM 37°C trial. Occludin levels were higher in the 4 and 6 mM 41°C trials compared with the 0 mM 41°C trial. E: occludin and β-actin (loading control) protein expression. F: densitometry of protein content of the corresponding blots (E) was corrected for loading with β-actin and expressed as a ratio. *P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0°C mM 37°C trial; +P < 0.05, statistically significant from the 0 mM 41°C trial. Data are means ± SD, n = 4.