Fig. 1.

Schematic of a chicken auditory brain stem slice and recording setup. Left: the avian auditory brain stem is composed of 4 main nuclei: two cochlear nuclei, the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus angularis (NA); the site of binaural coincidence detection, the nucleus laminaris (NL); and the superior olivary nucleus (SON), which is the source of inhibitory feedback in the circuit. Right: recording setup for whole cell recordings in the NM with the approximate positioning of the stimulating electrode. Stimulator placement was similar during NL recordings.