Table 1.
Prevalence of idiopathic ulcers
| Ref. | Year | Country | Sampling period | Sampling style | Subjects disease | Subjects number | Prevalence of IPU (%) | Diagnostic method for H. pylori |
| North America | ||||||||
| Perterson et al[5] | 1996 | United States | Not mentioned | RCT | DU | 185 | 26 | Hist/RUT/culture |
| Jyotheeswaran et al[6] | 1998 | United States | 1993-1996 | Retrospective | PUD | 305 | 39 | Hist/RUT |
| Ciociola et al[7] | 1999 | United States | 1991-1995 | 6 RCT | DU | 2910 | 27 | Hist/RUT/culture |
| Europe | ||||||||
| McColl et al[9] | 1993 | United Kingdom | Past 5 yr | Cross-sectional | DU | 400 | 1.5 | Hist/RUT/UBT/antibody |
| Gisbert et al[10] | 1999 | Spain | Not mentioned | Prospective | DU | 774 | 0.8 | RUT/culture/UBT |
| Meucci et al[11] | 2000 | Italy | 1995-1996 | Prospective | PUD | 409 | 4.4 | Hist/RUT |
| Bytzer et al[12] | 2001 | Denmark | 1993-1995 | RCT | DU | 276 | 8 | Hist/culture/antibody |
| Konturek et al[13] | 2003 | Poland | 1996-2000 | Prospective | PUD | 1898 | 18.7 | UBT |
| Arents et al[14] | 2004 | Netherland | 1991-1998 | Retrospective | PUD | 405 | 5 | Hist/RUT/culture |
| Arroyo et al[15] | 2004 | Spain | Not mentioned | Prospective | PUD | 830 | 4.1 | Hist/RUT/UBT |
| Sbrozzi-Vanni et al[16] | 2010 | Italy | 2005-2007 | Retrospective | PUD | 300 | 4 | Hist/UBT |
| Musumba et al[3] | 2012 | United Kingdom | 2005-2010 | Retrospective and prospective | PUD | 386 | 12 | Hist/RUT/antibody |
| Australia | ||||||||
| Borody et al[17] | 1991 | Australia | Not mentioned | Prospective | DU | 302 | 0.3 | Hist/culture |
| Xia[18] | 2000 | Australia | Not mentioned | Prospective | PUD | 48 | 40 | Hist/RUT/culture |
| Asia | ||||||||
| Tsuji et al[19] | 1999 | Japan | 1995-1997 | Prospective | DU and GU | DU: 120, GU: 215 | GU:2.3, DU: 0.9 | Hist/RUT/culture/antibody |
| Higuchi et al[20] | 1999 | Japan | Not mentioned | Cross-sectional | DU | 338 | 2.4 | Hist/RUT/culture/UBT/antibody |
| Aoyama et al[21] | 2000 | Japan | 1995-1998 | Cross-sectional | DU and GU | 302 | 2.6 | Hist/culture/antibody |
| Nishikawa et al[22] | 2000 | Japan | 1992-1997 | Cross-sectional | PUD | 398 | 1.3 | Hist/RUT/antibody |
| Chan et al[23] | 2001 | Hong Kong | 1997-1998 | Prospective | hPUD | 977 | 4.1 | Hist/RUT |
| Xia et al[24] | 2001 | Hong Kong | 1997-1999 | Prospective | DU | 599 | 17.4 | Hist/RUT/UBT |
| Kamada et al[25] | 2003 | Japan | Past 8 yr | Cross-sectional | DU | 464 | 1.3 | Hist//UBT/antibody |
| Chu et al[26] | 2005 | Hong Kong | 1996-2002 | Prospective | DU | 1343 | 23 | Hist/RUT |
| Yakoob et al[27] | 2005 | Pakistan | 1999-2000 | Retrospective | DU | 217 | 29 | Hist/RUT |
| Hung et al[28] | 2005 | Hong Kong | 2000 | Prospective | hPUD | 638 | 18.8 | Hist/RUT |
| Ong et al[29] | 2006 | Singapore | 2002-2004 | Prospective | PUD | 600 | 8 | Hist/RUT |
| Ootani et al[30] | 2006 | Japan | 2000-2002 | Prospective | hPUD | 116 | 1.7 | RUT/UBT/antibody |
| Jang et al[31] | 2008 | South Korea | 2004-2005 | Prospective | PUD | 895 | 22.2 | Hist/RUT |
| Chen et al[32] | 2010 | Taiwan | 2003-2004 | Prospective | DU | 731 | 8 | RUT/UBT |
| Goenka et al[33] | 2011 | India | 2008-2009 | Prospective | PUD | 142 | 36.6 | RUT/UBT |
| Chang et al[34] | 2011 | Taiwan | 2007-2008 | Prospective | PUD | 204 | 17.2 | Hist/RUT/UBT |
| Wong et al[35] | 2012 | Hong Kong | 2002-2009 | Prospective | hPUD | 4827 | 13.8 | Hist/RUT |
| Kang et al[36] | 2012 | South Korea | 2006-2008 | Prospective | PUD | 173 | 16.2 | Hist/RUT/culture/antibody |
RCT: Randomized controlled trial; RUT: Rapid urease test; UBT: Urea breath test; PUD: Peptic ulcer diseases; DU: Duodenal ulcers; GU: Gastric ulcers; hPUD: Hemorrhagic peptic ulcer diseases; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.