Table 1.
Microorganisms involved in colorectal cancer
| Microorganism | Role in CRC | Mechanism | Ref. |
| E. faecalis | Driver | Production of superoxide | [92] |
| E. coli NC101 | Driver | Genotoxin production (colibactin) | [122] |
| B. fragilis | Driver | Genotoxin production (fragilisin) | [94] |
| Shigella | Driver | Induction of inflammation | [73] |
| Citrobacter | Driver | Induction of inflammation | [73] |
| Salmonella | Driver | Induction of inflammation | [73] |
| Enterobacteriaceae | Helper | Induction of inflammation | [73] |
| Fusobacterium | Passenger | Induction of inflammation | [84] |
| S. gallolyticus | Passenger | Induction of inflammation | [98] |
| C. septicum | Passenger | Induction of inflammation | [99] |
| F. prausnitzii | Protective | Butyrate production; anti-inflammatory properties | [78] |
| Roseburia | Protective | Butyrate production; anti-inflammatory properties | [78] |
| Bifidobacterium | Protective | Protection from pathogens; anti-inflammatory properties | [71] |
| Corynebacteriaceae | Protective | Anti-inflammatory properties | [78] |
Microorganisms involved in colorectal cancer (CRC), their role as driver, passenger or protective bacteria and the mechanisms involved in CRC induction or protection. E. faecalis: Enterococcus faecalis; E. coli: Escherichia coli; B. fragilis: Bacteroides fragilis; S. gallolyticus: Streptococcus gallolyticus; C. septicum: Clostridium septicum; F. prausnitzii: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.