Table 3.
Disease-specific Clinical Outcome Measures
| Diagnosis group | Outcome measure | Rated by | Score rangea | Properties | Reference no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety disorders | Anxiety Severity | Patient | 0-10 | One NRS: 0 (“not present”) to 10 (“worst possible”) | 50 |
| Physician | 0-10 | One NRS: 0 (“not present”) to 10 (“worst possible”) | 50 | ||
| Asthma | Average Asthma Severity | Patient or caregiver | 0-10 | One NRS: 0 (“not present”) to 10 (“worst possible”) | 50 |
| ADHD symptoms | FBB-HKS total score | Caregiver | 0-3 | 20 items addressing inattention (9 items), hyperactivity (7 items), and impulsivity (7 items), assessed on Likert scales from 0 (“not present”) to 3 (“very strong intensity”) | 51, 52 |
| Depression | CES-D | Patient | 0-60 | Frequency of 20 symptoms during the last week, assessed on Likert scales from 0 (“rarely or none of the time ≈ less than 1 day”) to 3 (“most or all of the time ≈ 5-7 days”) | 53 |
| Migraine | Average Migraine Severity | Patient | 0-10 | One NRS: 0 (“not present”) to 10 (“worst possible”) | 50 |
| Physician | 0-10 | One NRS: 0 (“not present”) to 10 (“worst possible”) | 50 | ||
| Low back pain | Hanover Functional Ability Questionnaire | Patient | 0 (minimal function) to 100 (optimal function, no limitation) | Back-specific functional disability measured by 12 activity-related questions (eg, “Can you bend down to pick up a paper from the floor?”), assessed on three-point Likert scales (“Can do without difficulty” / “Can do, but with some difficulty” / “Either unable to do, or only with help”) | 54, 55 |
| Low back pain | Low Back Pain Rating Scale Pain Score | Patient | 0-100 | 6 items addressing back pain (3 items) and leg pain (3 items): current pain, worst pain, and average pain during the last 7 days on numerical rating scales from 0 (“no pain”) to 100 (“unbearable pain”) | 56 |
a
Higher score values indicate more frequent and/or worse symptoms unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; FBB-HKS: [German] Fremdbeurteilungsbogen für Hyperkinetische Störungen, a questionnaire of core ADHD symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10); NRS, numerical rating scale.