. 2011 Mar 18;64(1):34–38. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2011.01.art7

Table 1.

Lower reference limit for semen characteristics according to WHO manuals from 1999 and 2010.

Parameter	WHO manual 1999	WHO manual 2010
Semen volume (ml)	2.0	1.5
Total sperm count(x10⁶/ejaculate)	40	39
Sperm concentration(x10⁶/ml)	20	15
Motility (%)	a – 25% or a+b – 50%^*	PR 32%^*
pH	≥7.2	≥7.2

a+b is the same as PR (progressive motility)