Table 1.

Lower reference limits for basic semen parameters according to WHO manual (2010)

Semen parameter	Lower reference value
Liquefaction	<60 min
Volume (mL)	≥1.5
Ph	≥7.2
Total sperm number	≥39 mln /ejaculate
Sperm concentration	≥15 mln/ml
Total sperm motility	≥40% ≥15.6 mln/ejaculate
Progressive sperm motility	≥32% ≥12.5 mln/ejaculate
Vitality	58% ≥22.6 mln/ejaculate
Normal morphology	≥4% ≥1.6 mln/ejaculate
Peroxidase–positive cells (leukocytes)	<1 mln/ml