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Paradigms for chronic cough. (A) Anatomic diagnostic protocol: chronic cough is considered as the outcome from causative diseases affecting anatomically relevant cough reflex pathways. (B) Cough hypersensitivity syndrome: chronic cough hypersensitivity is a common intrinsic mechanism for chronic cough. Commonly associated diseases are triggers or modulators for cough reflex pathways. GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
