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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep. 2014 Mar 1;3(1):18–32. doi: 10.1007/s13669-013-0068-1

Figure 2. Summary of targeted therapies.

Figure 2

A. Therapeutic HPV vaccines: Vector, peptide, protein, DNA and dendritic cell vaccines generate E6/E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses, which result in the killing of tumor cells presenting antigen on MHC class I molecules. B. Proteasome inhibitors: HPV E6 induces ubiquitination of p53 and PDZ family proteins by the E6-AP ubiquitin ligase. HPV E7 induces ubiquitination of Rb by the CUL2 ubiquitin ligase complex. Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, impede proteasome-mediated degradation of p53 and Rb. C. siRNA targeting E6/E7: siRNA specific to E6 and/or E7 lead to the degradiation of E6/E7 mRNA, thereby inhibiting E6/E7 expression. D. HDACi: HDACi alleviate HDAC-mediated repression of p53-dependent transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, HDACi prevent E7/HDAC1/2-mediated upregulation of HPV viral replication.