Table 1.
Changes of plasma metabolites in CPMG NMR spectra induced by NTG and the effects of EA.
| Metabolites | Peak regions (δ) | NTG versus untreated control | NTG versus EA | NTG versus NA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1.14, 1.18 | ↑ | ↓ | — |
| Lactic acid | 1.34, 4.1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Glutamate | 2.11, 2.35 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Glutamine | 2.42 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Glycerine | 3.62, 3.66 | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| OAc | 2.14, 2.18 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| LDL/VLDL | 0.86 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Glycine | 3.54 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| NAc | 2.02, 2.06 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Betaine | 3.26 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Lipid | 1.26, 1.3 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| D-Glucose | 3.42, 3.38, 3.46, 3.5, 3.74, 3.82, 3.86, |
↓ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Alanine | 1.46 | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| L-Isoleucine | 0.94 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Choline | 3.22 | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Pyruvic acid | 2.38 | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Acetoacetic acid | 1.9, 1.94 | ↑ | ↓ | — |
| 3-HB | 1.22 | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Creatine | 3.94 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
NAc: N-acetyl glycoproteins; OAc: O-acetyl glycoproteins; 3-HB: 3-hydroxybutyric acid. The arrows indicate the direction of the change (↑: increase;
↓: decrease) in the concentration among untreated control group of animals, EA group of animals, and NA group of animals relative to NTG group animals (n = 10).