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Adhesion rate coefficient (kd) of E. coli S17 as a function of biofilm relative roughness coefficient at different biofilm ages. Adhesion experiments were carried out at 10 mM KCl, pH 8.2–8.5 at room temperature. For 2-week old biofilm, the biofilm roughness coefficients were undetected because the biofilms were too thin for OCT imaging.
