Table 2.

Perceived disempowering parenting characteristics, modes of self-harm and/or suicide, and fractured identity characteristics

Perceived disempowering parenting characteristics						Fractured identity		Substance abuse	Mode(s) of self-harm
Case pseudonym	Abusive	Burdening	Culturally disjointed	Disengaged	Gender prescriptive	Double bind	Low self-worth	Alcohol, painkillers, illicit drugs	Cutting	suicidal ideation only	Suicidal attempts
Natalie	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓					✓
Helen	✓	✓	✓			✓	✓	✓		✓
Audrey	✓		✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓
Sarah	✓	✓	✓			✓	✓		✓		✓
Kelly	✓		✓			✓	✓				✓
Katie	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓
Jocelyn		✓		✓		✓	✓		✓	✓
Nicole	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Cindy	✓	✓		✓		✓	✓	✓			✓
Angela	✓		✓		✓	✓	✓		✓
Amber	✓		✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓		✓
Sam			✓				✓			✓
Monica	✓	✓	✓			✓	✓			✓
Emily	✓		✓		✓	✓	✓				✓
Diana	✓		✓		✓		✓	✓	✓
Winnie	✓	✓		✓		✓	✓			✓
Total n (%)	14 (87.5)	9 (56.3)	13 (81.3)	8 (50.0)	6 (37.5)	13 (81.2)	15 (93.7)	7 (43.8)	8 (50.0)	6 (37.5)	6 (37.5)