Table 2.

ANCOVA Predicting BMI z-Score in Fifth-Grade from Kindergarten (K) School Travel Mode from the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99

	β	95% CI	p value
School travel
Passive commuting	Reference
Active commuting	−0.59	−1.09, −0.09	0.021
K-BMI z-score	0.69	0.58, 0.80	<0.0001
Age	−0.01	−0.01, 0.001	0.017
Gender
Female	Reference
Male	0.05	0.00, 0.09	0.058
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	Reference
Non-Hispanic black	0.04	−0.06, 0.14	0.443
Hispanic	0.00	−0.07, 0.07	0.991
Other	0.03	−0.03, 0.10	0.300
Socioeconomic status	−0.07	−0.12, −0.03	0.002
Neighborhood safety	−0.02	−0.04, −0.01	0.010
Family composition
Other	Reference
Two-parent and siblings	0.00	−0.12, 0.13	0.942
Two-parent without siblings	0.07	−0.09, 0.24	0.381
One-parent and siblings	0.05	−0.07, 0.17	0.425
One-parent without siblings	0.01	−0.13, 0.14	0.910
Urbanicity
Small town/rural	Reference
Large or mid-size city	0.01	−0.07, 0.09	0.759
Surburban/large town	0.02	−0.05, 0.09	0.639
Census region
West	Reference
Northeast	0.02	−0.06, 0.10	0.616
Midwest	0.01	−0.06, 0.09	0.730
South	0.08	0.00, 0.16	0.058
School travel*K-BMI z-score	0.13	−0.01, 0.28	0.070
School travel*neighborhood safety	0.04	0.002, 0.07	0.039
School travel*socioeconomic status	−0.02	−0.10, 0.05	0.569

ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval.