Table 2.
Inter-rater reliability and measurement error of commonly used clinical tests of the spine (continuous variables)
|
Examination (missing values) |
Measurement error |
Reliability |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range (cm) | đ (cm) | LoA (cm) | SEoM | ICC [2, 1] (95% CI) | ||
|
General mobility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral flexion FFD |
R (1) |
28.5, 57.5 |
2.56 |
-9.8, 15.0 |
4.4 |
0.47 (0.29, 0.62) |
| |
L |
32.5, 58.5 |
1.38 |
-9.1, 11.9 |
3.7 |
0.57 (0.43, 0.69) |
| Forward flexion FFD | (3) | 0, 32.0 | -0.72 | -9.0, 7.6 | 2.9 | 0.91 (0.87, 0.94) |
Range = lowest and highest measured value; đ = mean difference between ratings (systematic error); LoA = Limits of Agreement; SEoM = standard error of measurement; CI = confidence interval; FFD = finger-floor-distance; R = right; L = left; ICC = interclass correlation coefficient. Clinically acceptable ICC in bold.