Table 1.

Summary of Perioperative Challenges for the Anesthesiologist During Robotic-assisted Urologic Surgery

General Considerations Access to the patient Steep Trendelenburg position Pneumoperitoneum Maintenance of body temperature Fluid management Pain management Teamwork and communication Complications Upper body edema Postoperative visual loss Peripheral nerve and soft tissue injuries Cardiopulmonary compromise Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium Venous air embolism Hypothermia Occult blood loss

Data from Goswami S et al,¹ Gupta K et al,¹⁶ El-Dawlatly A et al,¹⁸ Ramanathan R et al,²⁰ Molloy BL,²¹ Klauschie J et al,²² Kalmar AF et al,²³ Hirvonen EA et al,²⁴ Choi SJ et al,²⁵ Awad H et al,²⁷ Keene R et al,²⁸ Galyon SW et al,²⁹ Coppieters MW et al,³⁰ Howkins J,³¹ Hewer CL,³² Irvin W et al,³³ Thompson J,³⁶ Sullivan MJ,³⁷ Nieminen MS et al,³⁸ Suh MK et al,³⁹ Carry PY et al,⁴⁰ Koivusalo and Lindgren,⁴¹ Lestar M et al,⁴² Joris JL et al,⁴³ Zorko N et al,⁴⁹ Danic MJ et al,⁵⁰ Piegeler T et al,⁵¹ Gainsburg DM,⁵² Trabulsi EJ et al,⁵⁶ Elvir-Lazo and White,⁵⁷ Tikuisis R et al,⁵⁹ Shamim Khan M et al,⁶⁰ and Pandey R et al.⁶¹