Figure 3.
Summary of the immunomodulatory effects of immunomodulatory drugs. BMSC: bone marrow stromal cells; APC: antigen-presenting cells; IL: interleukin; TGF: transforming growth factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelia growth factor; ADCC: antibody-dependent cellular toxicity; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; TCR: T cell receptor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; PI3k: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cell; IFN: interferon; NK: natural killer.