Table 1.
Comparison of Potential Factors Between Low Adherence versus High Adherence Groups
| Total (n=93) | Low Adherence (≤48%) (n=68) | High Adherence (>48%) (n=25) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHIC | ||||
| Age Mean (Min, Max) | 13.2 (10, 16) | 13.4 (11,16) | 12.4 (10, 16) | 0.012 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 41 (44.1) | 35 (51.5) | 6 (24.0) | 0.020 |
| Female | 52 (55.9) | 33 (48.5) | 19 (76.0) | |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino, n (%) | 10 (10.8) | 8 (11.8) | 2 (8.0) | 0.724 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Black/African American | 82 (88.1) | 59 (86.8) | 23 (92.0) | 0.797 |
| Mixed African American* | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other | 10 (10.8) | 8 (11.8) | 2 (8.0) | |
| Child insurance status, n (%) | ||||
| Public | 70 (75.3) | 53 (77.9) | 17 (68.0) | 0.417 |
| Private | 23 (24.7) | 15 (22.1) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Receive free or reduced school lunch, † n (%) | 76 (84.4) | 55 (82.1) | 21 (91.3) | 0.505 |
| ASTHMA | ||||
| Asthma controller medications, n (%) | ||||
| ICS monotherapy | 71 (76.3) | 51 (75.0) | 20 (80.0) | 0.785 |
| ICS and long-acting bronchodilator combination therapy‡ | 22 (23.7) | 17 (25.0) | 5 (20.0) | |
| Smoking behavior reported by adolescent, n (%) | ||||
| Current smoker | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Exposed to second hand smoke at home | 6 (6.5) | 5 (7.4) | 1 (4.0) | >0.999 |
| ZAP Asthma Knowledge Instrument | ||||
| % items correct, median (Q1, Q3) | 69.2 (61.5, 74.4) | 69.2 (61.6, 76.9) | 66.7 (61.5, 71.8) | 0.260 |
| ICS Knowledge Questionnaire, median (Q1, Q3) | 25.0 (23.0, 27.0) | 24.0 (22.0, 26.0) | 26.0 (24.0, 29.0) | <0.001 |
| PSYCHOSOCIAL | ||||
| Children’s Depression Inventory 2 n, (%) | ||||
| Very elevated | 15 (16.1) | 11 (16.2) | 4 (16.0) | 0.976 |
| Elevated | 6 (6.5) | 4 (5.9) | 2 (8.0) | |
| High average | 11 (11.8) | 8 (11.8) | 3 (12.0) | |
| Average or lower | 61 (65.6) | 45 (66.2) | 16 (64.0) | |
| ICS Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, median (Q1, Q3) | 53.0 (47.0, 59.0) | 51.5 (46.5, 59.0) | 55.0 (49.0, 60.0) | 0.245 |
*
Mixed African American: Self-identified as a combination of African American and another race
†
Criteria for Free and Reduced School Lunch in Chicago Public Schools July 1, 2011 - June 30, 2012. Source: http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/governance/notices/iegs/IEGs11-12.pdf
‡
Inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting bronchodilator: Two participants who were taking Inhaled Corticosteroid and Long Acting Bronchodilator Combination Therapy were also taking Inhaled Corticosteroid Monotherapy