Table 3.

Multivariable Generalized Estimating Equation Results: Medical Home Implementation and Adult and Pediatric Composite Quality of Care Measures, Composite Preventive Measures, and Per Member Per Month (PMPM) Medical and Surgical Costs

	Baseline PCMH Score – June 2009				PCMH Change from June 2009 to June 2010
Outcome Variable	Beta Estimate	95% CI (Lower)	95% CI (Upper)	p-Value	Beta Estimate	95% CI (Lower)	95% CI (Upper)	p-Value
Preventive composite scores
Adult preventive composite	5.1%	0.5%	9.7%	.0316	3.3%	1.1%	5.4%	.0028
Pediatric preventive composite	12.2%	5.1%	19.3%	.0008	4.9%	0.6%	9.3%	.0260
Quality composite scores
Adult quality composite	3.5%	−0.4%	7.4%	.0806	5.2%	2.6%	7.8%	<.0001
Pediatric quality composite*	0.10	−0.05	0.25	.1745	0.05	−0.07	0.17	.4113
Medical and surgical PMPM costs
Adult PMPM cost	−$26.37	−$53.08	$0.33	.0529	−$3.08	−$18.07	$11.91	.6868
Pediatric PMPM cost	−$1.72	−$13.13	$9.70	.7682	$7.45	−$1.33	$16.24	.0964

Note Full multivariable model results are available in appendices C–E. Covariates included the following practice characteristics: mean prospective risk score, percent female attributed members, paid services per PCP, practice size based on total physicians in the practice, practice as primary care only or mixed primary and specialty care, and whether the practice was a pediatric practice or not; and market characteristics: total primary care practices in the physician organization, median household income, PCPs per 1,000 population, BCBSM market share, percent nonwhite residents, and metropolitan statistical area status.

^*Log transformed.

BCBSM, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan; CI, confidence interval; PCMH, patient-centered medical home.