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. 2014 Jan 29;14:48. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-48

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Copyright © 2013 Tian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Vaccine co-expression IL-18 and GM-CSF treatment increased local expression of IL-18, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in vivo. Serum from each group including non-immunized group was collected through caudal vein on 2 day, 4 day, 6 day and 8 day after the third immunization respectively. ELISA was carried out to detect the level of IL-18 (A), GM-CSF (B), IFN-γ (C), TGF-β (D),TNF-α (E) and IL-10 (F) in serum respectively. Experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times. Each data point indicates means ± SD. Vaccine co-expression IL-18 and GM-CSF produced a synergistically higher levels of IL-18, GM-CSF and IFN-γ than LL/2 control group (P < 0.01, n = 7). TGF-β showed no difference in all groups (P > 0.05, n = 7).