Table 3. Adjusted relationships of quartiles of immunoglobulin M to metabolic syndrome (males, n = 5,673)^a.

	Quartiles of immunoglobulin M (range, mg/dL)
	Level 1 (7.2–59.2)	Level 2 (59.3–80.6)	Level 3 (80.7–108.0)	Level 4 (109.0–2080.0)	P for trendb
	(n = 1,422)	(n = 1,415)	(n = 1,406)	(n = 1,430)
No. of Metabolic syndrome (presence of any 3 of 5 risk factors)	633	618	584	605	-
Crude	Reference	0.97 (0.83, 1.12)c	0.89 (0.76, 1.03)	0.91 (0.79, 1.06)	0.16
Age-adjusted	Reference	1.03 (0.89, 1.19)	0.94 (0.81, 1.10)	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)	0.54
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.05 (0.89, 1.24)	1.02 (0.87, 1.21)	1.12 (0.95, 1.33)	0.21
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.08 (0.91, 1.27)	1.05 (0.89, 1.24)	1.15 (0.98, 1.36)	0.12
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.09 (0.92, 1.29)	1.07 (0.90, 1.26)	1.19 (1.002, 1.41)	0.07
Metabolic syndrome components
No. of elevated waist circumference (≥85 cm in males; ≥80 cm in females)	1,130	1,104	1,030	1,037	-
Crude	Reference	0.92 (0.77, 1.10)	0.71 (0.59, 0.84)	0.68 (0.57, 0.81)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.77 (0.64, 0.92)	0.75 (0.63, 0.89)	<0.0001
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.04 (0.80, 1.35)	0.77 (0.59, 0.99)	0.86 (0.67, 1.11)	0.08
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.07 (0.82, 1.39)	0.77 (0.60, 1.00)	0.87 (0.67, 1.13)	0.08
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.09 (0.84, 1.42)	0.79 (0.61, 1.02)	0.90 (0.69, 1.17)	0.13
No. of elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L)	640	676	665	703	-
Crude	Reference	1.12 (0.96, 1.30)	1.10 (0.95, 1.27)	1.18 (1.02, 1.37)	0.047
Age-adjusted	Reference	1.10 (0.95, 1.28)	1.08 (0.93, 1.26)	1.17 (1.01, 1.35)	0.07
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.12 (0.96, 1.31)	1.15 (0.99, 1.35)	1.29 (1.10, 1.50)	<0.01
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.14 (0.98, 1.33)	1.19 (1.02, 1.39)	1.32 (1.13, 1.54)	<0.001
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.16 (0.99, 1.36)	1.22 (1.04, 1.42)	1.38 (1.17, 1.61)	0.0001
No. of reduced HDL (<1.0 mmol/L in males; <1.3 mmol/L in females)	238	265	245	281	-
Crude	Reference	1.15 (0.95, 1.39)	1.05 (0.86, 1.28)	1.22 (1.01, 1.47)	0.10
Age-adjusted	Reference	1.12 (0.92, 1.36)	1.03 (0.84, 1.25)	1.19 (0.98, 1.44)	0.16
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.13 (0.93, 1.38)	1.08 (0.88, 1.32)	1.27 (1.05, 1.55)	0.03
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.15 (0.94, 1.40)	1.10 (0.90, 1.35)	1.29 (1.06, 1.57)	0.02
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.12 (0.92, 1.37)	1.07 (0.88, 1.31)	1.22 (1.00, 1.49)	0.09
No. of elevated blood pressure (systolic: ≥130 and/or diastolic: ≥85 mmHg)	806	756	718	704	-
Crude	Reference	0.88 (0.76, 1.02)	0.80 (0.69, 0.93)	0.74 (0.64, 0.86)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)	0.89 (0.77, 1.04)	0.84 (0.72, 0.97)	<0.01
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	0.99 (0.84, 1.16)	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.90 (0.77, 1.06)	0.15
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	0.99 (0.85, 1.17)	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.92 (0.78, 1.07)	0.21
Multiple adjustede	Reference	0.98 (0.84, 1.16)	0.93 (0.79, 1.09)	0.90 (0.76, 1.05)	0.13
No. of elevated fasting glucose (≥5.56 mmol/L)	416	371	369	365	-
Crude	Reference	0.86 (0.73, 1.01)	0.86 (0.73, 1.02)	0.83 (0.70, 0.98)	0.04
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	0.95 (0.81, 1.13)	0.92 (0.78, 1.09)	0.39
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	0.96 (0.81, 1.14)	1.00 (0.84, 1.18)	0.99 (0.83, 1.17)	0.98
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	0.98 (0.83, 1.17)	1.03 (0.86, 1.22)	1.02 (0.86, 1.21)	0.72
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.01 (0.85, 1.2)	1.06 (0.89, 1.26)	1.07 (0.9, 1.28)	0.36

^aBMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

^bMultiple logistic regression analysis.

^cAdjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values).

^dAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

^eAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, and immunoglobulin A, and G.