Table 4. Adjusted relationships of quartiles of immunoglobulin M to metabolic syndrome (females, n = 3,706)^a.

	Quartiles of immunoglobulin M (range, mg/dL)
	Level 1 (7.2–80.8)	Level 2 (80.9–111.0)	Level 3 (112.0–152.0)	Level 4 (153.0–2480.0)	P for trendb
	(n = 927)	(n = 942)	(n = 900)	(n = 937)
No. of Metabolic syndrome (presence of any 3 of 5 risk factors)	258	225	171	183	-
Crude	Reference	0.81 (0.66, 1.00)c	0.61 (0.49, 0.76)	0.63 (0.51, 0.78)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	1.05 (0.84, 1.32)	0.93 (0.73, 1.18)	1.05 (0.83, 1.33)	0.90
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.16 (0.91, 1.47)	1.14 (0.88, 1.48)	1.40 (1.08, 1.81)	0.02
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.15 (0.90, 1.47)	1.14 (0.88, 1.48)	1.40 (1.08, 1.81)	0.02
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.15 (0.90, 1.47)	1.14 (0.88, 1.48)	1.39 (1.07, 1.80)	0.02
Metabolic syndrome components
No. of elevated waist circumference (≥85 cm in males; ≥80 cm in females)	538	490	368	376	-
Crude	Reference	0.78 (0.65, 0.94)	0.50 (0.42, 0.60)	0.49 (0.40, 0.58)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.99 (0.81, 1.21)	0.72 (0.59, 0.88)	0.75 (0.61, 0.91)	<0.001
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.22 (0.95, 1.57)	0.88 (0.68, 1.14)	1.07 (0.82, 1.39)	0.74
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.21 (0.94, 1.57)	0.88 (0.68, 1.14)	1.06 (0.82, 1.38)	0.71
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.22 (0.94, 1.57)	0.88 (0.68, 1.14)	1.07 (0.82, 1.39)	0.74
No. of elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L)	255	209	166	191	-
Crude	Reference	0.75 (0.61, 0.93)	0.60 (0.48, 0.74)	0.68 (0.54, 0.84)	<0.001
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.89 (0.71, 1.11)	0.79 (0.63, 1.00)	0.95 (0.76, 1.19)	0.59
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	0.93 (0.74, 1.16)	0.88 (0.70, 1.12)	1.11 (0.88, 1.40)	0.43
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	0.90 (0.71, 1.14)	1.14 (0.90, 1.44)	0.30
Multiple adjustede	Reference	0.94 (0.75, 1.18)	0.90 (0.71, 1.15)	1.15 (0.91, 1.46)	0.27
No. of reduced HDL (<1.0 mmol/L in males; <1.3 mmol/L in females)	262	250	229	262	-
Crude	Reference	0.92 (0.75, 1.12)	0.87 (0.70, 1.07)	0.99 (0.81, 1.21)	0.89
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.93 (0.76, 1.14)	0.89 (0.72, 1.10)	1.02 (0.83, 1.25)	0.84
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	0.98 (0.79, 1.21)	0.99 (0.79, 1.23)	1.16 (0.94, 1.44)	0.14
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	0.98 (0.79, 1.21)	0.99 (0.80, 1.23)	1.17 (0.94, 1.45)	0.13
Multiple adjustede	Reference	0.97 (0.78, 1.20)	0.96 (0.77, 1.20)	1.11 (0.90, 1.38)	0.30
No. of elevated blood pressure (systolic: ≥130 and/or diastolic: ≥85 mmHg)	431	357	289	275	-
Crude	Reference	0.70 (0.58, 0.84)	0.54 (0.45, 0.66)	0.48 (0.40, 0.58)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.95 (0.77, 1.18)	0.93 (0.75, 1.17)	0.89 (0.71, 1.11)	0.29
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	1.01 (0.81, 1.26)	1.05 (0.83, 1.31)	1.04 (0.83, 1.31)	0.69
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	1.01 (0.81, 1.26)	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	0.78
Multiple adjustede	Reference	1.00 (0.80, 1.25)	1.02 (0.81, 1.28)	1.00 (0.79, 1.26)	0.97
No. of elevated fasting glucose (≥5.56 mmol/L)	195	141	123	122	-
Crude	Reference	0.66 (0.52, 0.84)	0.59 (0.46, 0.76)	0.56 (0.44, 0.72)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	Reference	0.81 (0.63, 1.04)	0.86 (0.66, 1.11)	0.87 (0.67, 1.13)	0.40
Age- and BMI-adjusted	Reference	0.84 (0.65, 1.08)	0.94 (0.72, 1.22)	0.98 (0.75, 1.27)	0.92
Multiple adjustedd	Reference	0.85 (0.66, 1.09)	0.95 (0.73, 1.24)	1.00 (0.77, 1.31)	0.77
Multiple adjustede	Reference	0.85 (0.65, 1.09)	0.95 (0.73, 1.24)	0.99 (0.75, 1.29)	0.87

^aBMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

^bMultiple logistic regression analysis .

^cAdjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values).

^dAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

^eAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, and immunoglobulin A, and G.