Table 5.
Characteristics | Men (n = 1298) | Women (n = 1891) | Total (n = 3189) |
---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic variables |
|
|
|
Age |
−0.08 ** |
−0.13 *** |
−0.11 *** |
Income |
0.12 *** |
0.13 *** |
0.13 *** |
Lifestyle variables |
|
|
|
Body mass index (BMI) |
−0.13 *** |
−0.16 *** |
−0.15 *** |
Alcohol habit score (AUDIT-C) |
0.10 ** |
0.13 *** |
0.12 *** |
Physical activity (IPAQ-7) |
0.26 *** |
0.22 *** |
0.24 *** |
Psychological variables |
|
|
|
Self-efficacy (SWE) |
0.24 *** |
0.20 *** |
0.22 *** |
Social support (F-SOZU) |
0.15 *** |
0.20 *** |
0.18 *** |
Depression (GDS) |
−0.42 *** |
−0.40 *** |
−0.41 *** |
Somatization (4DBL) |
−0.42 *** |
−0.43 *** |
−0.43 *** |
Anxiety (4DBL) |
−0.26 *** |
−0.22 *** |
−0.23 *** |
Depression (4DBL) |
−0.27 *** |
−0.30 *** |
−0.29 *** |
Distress (4DBL) |
−0.36 *** |
−0.37 *** |
−0.37 *** |
Disease-related variables |
|
|
|
Basic activities of daily living (Barthel) |
0.29 *** |
0.23 *** |
0.25 *** |
Instrumental activities (IADL) |
0.29 *** |
0.27 *** |
-- 1 |
Characteristic pain intensity (GCPS) |
−0.39 *** |
−0.42 *** |
−0.41 *** |
Pain Disability score (GCPS) | −0.43 *** | −0.47 *** | −0.46 *** |
Note: *** P values are <0.001; ** P values are <0.01; 1 correlation for the whole sample not shown because of different numbers of items for men and women, respectively.