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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 Oct 23;503(7474):72–77. doi: 10.1038/nature12630

Figure 6. Valproate, but not lithium, rescues manic-like behaviors of Shank3 transgenic mice.

Figure 6

a, Basal activities of GSK-3β and Akt in the hippocampus and striatum of TG mice (10-week old, n=7) are normal. b, Amphetamine-sensitivity of male TG mice was not rescued by lithium. c,d, Basal locomotor activity and amphetamine-sensitivity of TG mice were rescued by valproate. Basal activity of WT male mice was decreased by valproate during one 5-min time bin. e–h Acoustic startle response (e,g) and PPI (f,h) of TG mice were rescued by valproate. Valproate increased PPI of WT male mice. i, Rescue of abnormal EEG in TG mice by valproate. During the three consecutive days of tests, EEG was recorded from the three brain regions of TG mice (n=7) for one hour before and after valproate injection. Representative EEG traces measured on day 1 are shown. The number of epileptiform spikes was quantified and normalized to the baseline values before treatment of day 1. All data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.