Table 1.
Serum 25(OH)D and Urinary arsenic concentration, adjusted for all other variables in the table
| Variables | N |
Serum 25(OH)D |
Urinary arsenic |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM (95% CI) | p-value | GM (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
| Men |
1613 |
49.84 (48.34-51.34) |
* |
101.1 (96.42-106.1) |
* |
| Women |
1780 |
42.88 (41.62-44.15) |
0.000 |
128.7 (122.8-134.8) |
0.000 |
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 20-29 |
630 |
41.89 (40.12-43.66) |
* |
69.77 (64.74-75.20) |
* |
| 30-39 |
677 |
45.20 (43.50-46.90) |
0.001 |
100.6 (94.77-106.9) |
0.000 |
| 40-49 |
671 |
45.86 (44.37-47.36) |
0.000 |
127.1 (119.5-135.2) |
0.000 |
| 50-59 |
686 |
49.30 (47.50-51.10) |
0.000 |
141.0 (132.4-150.1) |
0.000 |
| 60+ |
729 |
48.57 (46.51-50.63) |
0.000 |
155.1 (145.2-165.6) |
0.000 |
| Residence location |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
2616 |
44.81 (43.67-45.94) |
* |
114.4 (110.7-118.2) |
* |
| Rural |
777 |
51.30 (48.92-53.69) |
0.000 |
116.9 (106.9-127.7) |
0.671 |
| Season |
|
|
|
|
|
| Spring |
905 |
44.78 (43.23-46.33) |
* |
108.3 (101.5-115.5) |
* |
| Summer |
788 |
47.42 (45.57-49.27) |
0.017 |
113.8 (107.5-120.6) |
0.222 |
| Fall |
534 |
46.88 (44.99-48.76) |
0.055 |
116.6 (109.0-124.7) |
0.126 |
| Winter |
1166 |
45.98 (44.60-47.35) |
0.232 |
120.2 (113.9-126.9) |
0.027 |
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than high school |
1149 |
45.95 (44.15-47.76) |
* |
117.8 (110.9-125.2) |
* |
| High school |
1023 |
47.15 (45.72-48.58) |
0.264 |
115.1 (109.1-121.4) |
0.568 |
| College and more |
1221 |
45.48 (43.95-47.01) |
0.706 |
112.4 (106.7-118.4) |
0.289 |
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never-smoker |
1872 |
46.73 (45.45-48.02) |
* |
120.0 (114.9-125.3) |
* |
| Past smoker |
691 |
47.13 (45.22-49.03) |
0.727 |
115.5 (108.1-123.4) |
0.372 |
| Current smoker |
825 |
44.06 (42.28-45.83) |
0.014 |
103.7 (97.56-110.3) |
0.000 |
| Drinking status |
|
|
|
|
|
| No drink |
905 |
44.78 (43.23-46.33) |
* |
108.3 (101.5-115.5) |
* |
| Mild drink |
788 |
47.42 (45.57-49.27) |
0.017 |
113.8 (107.5-120.6) |
0.222 |
| Moderate drink |
534 |
46.88 (44.99-48.76) |
0.055 |
116.6 (109.0-124.7) |
0.126 |
| Heavy drink |
1166 |
45.98 (44.60-47.35) |
0.232 |
120.2 (113.9-126.9) |
0.027 |
| Body Mass Index |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lean |
153 |
45.89 (42.93-48.84) |
* |
108.7 (96.52-122.4) |
* |
| Normal |
2162 |
46.12 (44.98-47.26) |
0.876 |
114.8 (110.7-119.1) |
0.382 |
| Obese |
1047 |
46.23 (44.92-47.54) |
0.827 |
116.1 (110.5-122.1) |
0.325 |
| Regular exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
534 |
48.95 (47.07-50.84) |
* |
111.4 (104.0-119.4) |
* |
| No |
2859 |
45.62 (44.59-46.65) |
0.000 |
115.6 (111.8-119.5) |
0.351 |
| Regular walking |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1629 |
47.14 (45.89-48.40) |
* |
115.0 (110.6-119.5) |
* |
| No |
1764 |
45.24 (44.06-46.42) |
0.006 |
114.8 (110.3-119.5) |
0.952 |
| Seafood consumption |
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than once a week |
310 |
47.76 (45.42-50.09) |
* |
103.5 (93.93-114.0) |
* |
| Once a week |
1031 |
45.47 (44.11-46.83) |
0.069 |
111.0 (105.5-116.9) |
0.223 |
| More than once a week |
2052 |
46.26 (45.11-47.41) |
0.224 |
118.7 (114.6-122.9) |
0.007 |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
309 |
44.46 (42.00-46.91) |
* |
128.9 (117.3-141.8) |
* |
| No | 3084 | 46.30 (45.26-47.35) | 0.148 | 113.7 (110.2-117.2) | 0.011 |
*: reference group; AM, arithmetic mean; GM, geometric mean.