Table 2.
Adjusted OR (95% CI) of Korean adults having diabetes mellitus by category of combination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile and urinary arsenic quartile, adjusted for covariates#
| Model | Independent variables | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | ||||
| |
Age (years) |
1.060 |
1.046~1.074 |
|
| |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
1.162 |
1.108~1.218 |
|
| |
Sex |
|
|
|
| |
Men |
Ref |
|
|
| |
Women |
1.053 |
0.697~1.351 |
|
| |
Quartile of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
|
|
|
| |
1. 1st Q ( ≤ 30.02) |
1.250 |
0.827~1.888 |
|
| |
2. 2nd Q (31.02 < Q ≤ 44.11) |
1.395 |
0.931~2.091 |
|
| |
3. 3rd Q (44.11 < Q ≤ 55.99) |
1.216 |
0.804~1.838 |
|
| |
4. 4th Q ( > 55.99) |
Ref |
|
|
| Model 2 | ||||
| |
Age (years) |
1.057 |
1.042~1.071 |
|
| |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
1.163 |
1.108~1.220 |
|
| |
Sex |
|
|
|
| |
Men |
Ref |
|
|
| |
Women |
1.015 |
0.679~1.518 |
|
| |
Quartile of urinary arsenic |
|
|
|
| |
1. 1st Q ( ≤ 69.67) |
Ref |
|
|
| |
2. 2nd Q (69.67 < Q ≤ 114.86) |
1.056 |
0.646~1.727 |
|
| |
3. 3rd Q (114.86 < Q ≤ 159.48) |
1.200 |
0.742~1.940 |
|
| |
4. 4th Q ( > 159.48) |
1.654 |
1.038~1.518 |
|
| Model 3 | ||||
| |
Age (years) |
1.074 |
1.026~1.123 |
|
| |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
1.260 |
1.134~1.400 |
|
| |
Sex |
|
|
|
| |
Men |
Ref |
|
|
| |
Women |
0.776 |
0.239~2.519 |
|
| |
Combination of Vitamin D & AsU |
|
|
|
| |
1. Vitamin D 4thQ + AsU 1stQ |
Ref |
|
|
| 2. Vitamin D 1stQ + AsU 4thQ | 3.023 | 1.004~9.105 | ||
#Covariates: residence location (urban or rural), season, education level, smoking & drinking status, regular exercise & walking and seafood consumption; Q, quartile; AsU, urinary arsenic (g/g creatinine).